Effects of Yizhi Tiaoshen acupuncture on learning and memory function and the expression of phosphorylated tau protein in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease model rats / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of Yizhi Tiaoshen (benefiting mental health and regulating the spirit) acupuncture on learning and memory function, and the expression of phosphorylated tubulin-associated unit (tau) protein in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats, and explore the effect mechanism of this therapy on AD.@*METHODS@#A blank group and a sham-operation group were randomly selected from 60 male SD rats, 10 rats in each one. AD models were established in the rest 40 rats by the intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and okadaic acid in the CA1 region of the bilateral hippocampus. Thirty successfully-replicated model rats were randomly divided into a model group, a western medication group and an acupuncture group, 10 rats in each one. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was applied to "Baihui" (GV 20), "Sishencong" (EX-HN 1), "Neiguan" (PC 6), "Shenmen" (HT 7), "Xuanzhong" (GB 39) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6); and the needles were retained for 10 min. Acupuncture was given once daily. One course of treatment was composed of 6 days, with the interval of 1 day; the completion of treatment included 4 courses. In the western medication group, donepezil hydrochloride solution (0.45 mg/kg) was administrated intragastrically, once daily; it took 7 days to accomplish one course of treatment and a completion of intervention was composed of 4 courses. Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition test (NORT) were used to assess the learning and memory function of the rats. Using HE staining and Nissl staining, the morphological structure of the hippocampus was observed. With Western blot adopted, the protein expression of the tau, phosphorylated tau protein at Ser198 (p-tau Ser198), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) in the hippocampus was detected.@*RESULTS@#There were no statistical differences in all of the indexes between the sham-operation group and the blank group. Compared with the sham-operation group, in the model group, the MWM escape latency was prolonged (P<0.05), the crossing frequency and the quadrant stay time in original platform were shortened (P<0.05), and the NORT discrimination index (DI) was reduced (P<0.05); the hippocampal cell numbers were declined and the cells arranged irregularly, the hippocampal neuronal structure was abnormal and the numbers of Nissl bodies decreased; the protein expression of p-tau Ser198 and GSK-3βwas increased (P<0.05) and that of PP2A decreased (P<0.05). When compared with the model group, in the western medication group and the acupuncture group, the MWM escape latency was shortened (P<0.05), the crossing frequency and the quadrant stay time in original platform were increased (P<0.05), and DI got higher (P<0.05); the hippocampal cell numbers were elevated and the cells arranged regularly, the damage of hippocampal neuronal structure was attenuated and the numbers of Nissl bodies were increased; the protein expression of p-tau Ser198 and GSK-3β was reduced (P<0.05) and that of PP2A was increased (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the above indexes between the acupuncture group and the western medication group (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture therapy of "benefiting mental health and regulating the spirit" could improve the learning and memory function and alleviate neuronal injure of AD model rats. The effect mechanism of this therapy may be related to the down-regulation of GSK-3β and the up-regulation of PP2A in the hippocampus, and then to inducing the inhibition of tau protein phosphorylation.

Cytotoxic diaporindene and tenellone derivatives from the fungus Phomopsis lithocarpus / 中国天然药物

Nine new compounds, including five natural rarely-occurring 2, 3-dihydro-1H-indene derivatives named diaporindenes E-I (1-5), and four new benzophenone analogues named tenellones J-M (6-9) were isolated from the deep-sea sediment-derived fungus Phomopsis lithocarpus FS508. All the structures for these new compounds were fully characterized on the basis of spectroscopic data, NMR spectra, and ECD calculation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The potential anti-tumor activities of compounds 1-9 against four tumor cell lines SF-268, MCF-7, HepG-2, and A549 were evaluated using the SRB method. Compound 7 exhibited cytotoxic activity against the SF-268 cell line with an IC

Prenylated stilbenes and flavonoids from the leaves of Cajanus cajan / 中国天然药物

Three new prenylated stilbenes, named as cajanusins A-C (1-3), and one new natural product cajanusin D (4), along with six known derivatives (5-10) were isolated from the leaves of Cajanus cajan. Their structures were fully elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with data in the reported literatures. The new compounds of 1 and 2 were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against a panel of human cancer cell lines.

Sesquiterpenoids of endophytic fungus Cerrena sp. from Pogostemon cablin and their cytotoxic activities / 中国中药杂志

The secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Cerrena sp.A593 from Pogostemon cablin and their cytotoxic activities were investigated. Eight sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the fermentation broth of the strain A593 by silica gel, reverse phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, HPLC and so on. Their structures were identified as chloriolin B(1), chloriolin C(2), pleurocybellone A(3), dihydrohypnophilin(4), cucumin F(5), antrodin A(6), 10α-hydroxyamorphan-4-en-3-one(7), and connatusin A(8). Compounds 1- 8 were firstly found from the genus Cerrena. All isolated sesquiterpenoids were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against HepG-2, SF-268, MCF-7 and NCI-H460 tumor cell lines. Compounds 1-3 showed inhibitory activities against the four tumor cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 20.33 to 63.13 μmol•L⁻¹.

Prognostic factors and prognostic value of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning / 预防医学

Objective To investigate theprognostic factors and prognostic value of acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning. Methods Patients with acute organophosphorus pesticide from January 2009 to January 2017 in Cangzhou city emergency center from poisoning, describing the demographic characteristics, and clinical characteristics and prognosis of poisoning, using Logistic regression model analysis of admission when white blood cell count (WBC) , cholinesterase (ChE), lactic acid (Lac), blood glucose (GLU), serum myocardial enzymes (CK) and acute physiology and chronic health score (APACHE score) effects on the prognosis of patients, using Logistic regression probability prediction model and ROC curve analysis of the value of the index prediction on the prognosis of the patients. Results A total of 519 patients with acute organophosphorus pesticide poisoning were treated, the ratio of male to female was 1 :1.21 (235/284), the age was 20-50 years old (73.41%), mainly for farmers (64.74%), and the cause of poisoning was suicide (73.99%) . 87.09% patients were cured or improved, healed or dead patients accounted for 12.52%, accounting for 0.39% of the other. WBC (OR=5.056, 95% CI:1.714~14.915) , ChE (OR=5.190, 95% CI:1.396 ~ 19.298) , Lac (OR=5.124, 95% CI:1.347 ~ 19.497) , APACHE score (OR=10.098, 95% CI:1.311 ~ 77.767) is a risk factor for the prognosis of patients with organophosphorus poisoning. Logistic regression probability prediction results P=0.52, AUC:0.717 (95%CI:0.677~0.901), sensitivity: 0.70, specificity: 0.91, Kappa value: 0.460. The ROC curve was established by the APACHE II score alone, and the APACHE II score was 17.5 points, and AUC: 0.987 (95%CI:0.977~0.998), sensitivity: 0.99, specificity: 0.88, Kappa value: 0.543. Conclusion The scores of WBC, ChE, Lac and APACHE II were the prognostic factors of organophosphate poisoning. The predictive effect of the APACHE II score alone was better than that of WBC, ChE, Lac and APACHE II scoring.

Study on cytotoxic secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Diaporthe longicolla A616 from Pogostemon cablin / 中国中药杂志

To study active secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Diaporthe longicolla A616 isolated from Pogostemon cablin. Ten compounds were isolated from fermentation product of the strain 616 by silica gel, reverse phase silica gel, Sephadex-LH20, HPLC and so on. Their structures were identified as 1,3-diamino-1,3-dimethylurea(1),(7R,9R)-7-hydroxy-9-propyl-5-nonen-9-olide(2), Ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3β-ol(3),(22E,24R)-ergosta-4,6,8(14)-22-tetraen-3-one(4),(22E,24R)-3β,5α-dihydroxy-6β-ergosta-7,22-diene(5), citreoisocoumarin(6), glycerol monolinoleate(7), 1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl(E)-octadec-9-enoate(8), cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Ala)(9), cyclo(L)-Pro-(L)-Val(10), respectively, based on extensive spectroscopic analysis and literature comparisons. Compounds 6-10 were isolated from the genus Diaporthe for the first time. All isolated compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activities against SF-268, MCF-7, NCI-H460 and HepG-2 tumor cell lines. Compounds 4 and 5 showed potent growth inhibitory activities against the four cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 5.3, 6.5, 12.2, 6.1μmol•L⁻¹ and 8.2, 5.2, 6.1, 9.4μmol•L⁻¹, respectively.

Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with Parkinson disease / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Vitamin D receptor (VDR) has been proposed as a candidate gene for susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD). This study was set to assess the association between VDR gene Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms and PD in a Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and eighty five sporadic PD patients and 285 healthy controls were genotyped for the Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms in VDR gene using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant difference was detected in genotype or allele distribution of both Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms between PD patients and controls (P U+003E 0.05). No TT genotype for Taq I was found in the studied population. For Taq I, the distribution of genotype was significantly different between male PD patients and controls (U+03C7 2=4.187, P=0.032, OR=2.149, 95%CI: 1.011-4.567), and the frequency of T allele was significantly higher in male PD patients than male controls (U+03C7 2=3.867, P=0.036, OR=2.064, 95%CI: 0.989-4.307).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VDR gene Apa I polymorphisms are not associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease, but Taq I may be a risk factor for male PD.</p>

Detecting multi-drug resistance of bladder cancer for the intravesical chemotherapy / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore multi-drug resistance (MDR) of bladder cancer for the intravesical instillation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using immunohistochemical staining, in 44-case human bladder cancer cells, the expressions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), glutathione S-transferase (GST-pi) and topoisomerase (TOPO-II), were detected to find out the resistance to drugs.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>P-gp had a higher expression in 54.5% cases. GST-pi had no or a lower expression in 65.9% cases. TOPO-II had a higher expression in 29.5% but a lower expression in 65.9% cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Detecting the factors of MDR in bladder cancer cells could help to choose drugs for intravesical chemotherapy.</p>